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A Guide to the 5 Categories of Agricultural Land in India
Understanding land type is very important before buying, selling, or developing land. In Maharashtra, the government has clear rules that tell whether land is agricultural or non-agricultural (NA). Here is a simple guide.
1. Check the 7/12 Extract (Satbara Utara)
This is the most important document for land in Maharashtra.
- It shows land ownership, type of land, and current use.
- If it says “agricultural land”, then the land is legally for farming.
- Always check the latest or updated 7/12 extract.
2. Check the Zoning in the Development Plan / Regional Plan
- Every area has a Development Plan (DP) or Regional Plan (RP).
- This plan shows which land is for agriculture, housing, commercial use, green zone, etc.
- If the zoning allows non-agricultural use, the land can be converted or may already be NA.
3. Look for NA Permission (Non-Agricultural Permission)
As per the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, land used for non-agricultural purposes MUST have NA permission.
- NA permission is given by the Collector of the district.
- If the land does not have NA permission, it is still agricultural by default.
Some lands with approved building permissions automatically get an NA certificate under the newer rules.
4. Check the Land Tax / Assessment Records
- Agricultural land has an agricultural tax.
- Once land becomes NA, the government charges non-agricultural assessment (N.A. tax).
- If the NA tax is charged, the land is officially non-agricultural.
5. Observe the Current Use of the Land
- If crops are grown, it's probably agricultural.
- The construction of homes, businesses, or factories may result in NA or improper use of the land.
- Verify the documents thoroughly if the land has been plotted and sold for development.
6. Check Conversion Documents
To change land from agricultural to NA, the owner must apply to the Collector's office.
- After approval, the Collector issues a Conversion Order.
- A fee or premium must be paid for conversion.
- Ask the owner for a copy of the conversion order if they claim the land is NA.
7. Meet Local Authorities or Experts
- Visit the Talathi, Tehsildar, or Collector’s office to confirm the land status.
- Town Planning departments can confirm zoning and permitted land use.
- A property lawyer or consultant can help check all documents properly.
8. Stay Updated with New Government Rules
- Maharashtra has recently made some processes easier.
- In certain cases, separate NA permission is not required if building permission is already approved.
- Check the latest state circulars before purchasing land.
Summary (Quick Checklist)
✔ Check 7/12 extract
✔ Check zoning in DP/RP
✔ Verify if NA permission exists
✔ Check tax records for NA assessment
✔ Ask for conversion order
✔ Visit local government offices
✔ Consult a property expert
✔ Stay updated with the latest rules
Top 6 Places to Invest in Kolkata Property for Family Life and Peaceful Retirement
1. Rajarhat
Modern township with planned infrastructure, wide roads and new housing projects.
Proximity to IT & business hubs and the airport; great for working families and for future resale potential.
Quiet, greener surroundings make it appealing for retirees wanting comfort + connectivity.
2. Jodhpur Park
Upscale neighbourhood with prestigious schools and a calm residential vibe.
Lots of parks and open spaces for children and families.
For retirees: peaceful atmosphere, community-friendly, and good amenities nearby.
3. Tollygunge
Strong educational infrastructure (schools, etc) and green surroundings.
Families benefit from a mix of culture, leisure and living comfort.
Retirees will enjoy scenic views, the availability of healthcare and social engagement.
4. Garia
Affordable housing option with good schools, transport links and everyday amenities.
Ideal for middle-income families wanting value + convenience.
For retirees: a calmer environment with access to city services without heavy cost.
5. Alipore
Premium locality with heritage charm, luxury living, shopping & dining options.
Families get a high-quality lifestyle, safety and prestige.
Retirees can enjoy the upscale ambience, walkable neighbourhoods, and top healthcare.
6. Ballygunge
Known for quality education, culture and mature infrastructure.
A comfortable, high-end area for families wanting the best of Kolkata.
For retired living: tranquil yet connected, with access to parks, hospitals and social life.
1. Ignoring Title and Ownership Issues
Not verifying that the seller is the legal owner.
Skipping the check of past ownership history and the chain of title.
Overlooking unresolved disputes, liens or mortgages on the land.
2. Overlooking Land-Use & Zoning Compliance
Buying a plot without confirming it’s approved for residential purpose.
Failing to check whether a conversion (if from agricultural land) is required or completed.
Ignoring restrictions on building type, height or usage in the area.
3. Neglecting Physical Inspection
Accepting plot size and boundaries based only on documents, without a site visit.
Missing signs of encroachment, improper access, or a mismatch between the map and reality.
Not checking if the access road is legal, maintained and properly connected.
4. Skipping Infrastructure and Amenities Check
Buying a plot with poor or uncertain road connectivity, utilities (water, electricity), drainage, etc.
Not evaluating the surrounding neighbourhood for schools, hospitals, retail and transport links.
Ignoring future infrastructure plans, which could raise or reduce value.
5. Not Verifying Legal Approvals and Clearances
Failing to get the Encumbrance Certificate to ensure the land is free from liabilities.
Skipping checks on layout approval, local authority sanction, and other regulatory clearances.
Buying from developers or sellers without verifying their credibility or legal standing.
6. Underestimating Future Costs and Resale Potential\
Focusing solely on purchase price, ignoring maintenance, development or infrastructural costs.
Ignoring the resale demand for the area, will buyers want this plot later?
Overlooking how small lot sizes, odd shapes or difficult access can hurt value.
7. Rushing into the Deal without Professional Help
Signing agreements or paying a deposit without a legal review of the documentation.
Failing to engage a lawyer or real-estate expert to decode fine print, title issues or compliance.
Relying purely on verbal assurances or informal documentation.
8. Ignoring Market Trends and Timing
Buying at peak price without checking whether the area is still growing or saturated.
Not comparing similar plot sales in the locale to gauge fair value.
Failing to factor in how upcoming transport or commercial projects may affect the property value.
Buying land is a significant decision, and in a rapidly developing area like Rajarhat, it's crucial to conduct thorough checks before making an investment. Here's a quick, concise list of things you should verify prior to finalising any deal.
1. Check the Title Deed
The seller must be the legal owner of the land; the title deed must reflect their name and not be entangled in any disputes. Always check the chain of ownership to ensure there are no hidden claims.
2. Land Use and Zoning
If you are to construct a house, ascertain that your plot is approved for residential use. Agricultural or commercial lands should not be used for housing without approval for conversion.
3. Verify Mutation & Tax Records
Make sure the property has been mutated in the name of the seller; governmental records show them as the owner. Also, confirm that property taxes are paid up to date.
4. Obtain the Encumbrance Certificate (EC)
An Encumbrance Certificate reflects whether the land is free of loans, litigations, or mortgages. It’s proof that the property is not burdened by any financial or legal issues.
5. Check measurements and boundaries
Physically inspect the site to make sure that the plot size and boundaries are according to the documents. See if there are encroachments or any other building construction around the property.
6. Ensure Proper Access and Road Connectivity
Your plot should have a legal access road or "right of way." Landlocked plots, without an entry route, can create major problems in further construction or resale.
7. Check for Government or Acquisition Risks
Ensure that the land is not under government acquisition. Also, make sure it is marked out for public projects, such as roads or utilities. This will spare you from possible disputes or loss in the future.
8. Review Sale Agreement and Registration
Before making the payment, draft a sale agreement that clearly mentions the price, timeline, and terms. After the purchase, register the sale deed at the sub-registrar's office and pay the proper stamp duty.
9. Verify Seller's Identity and Authority
Verify the seller's ownership rights and identity documentation. Verify whether the representative is legally permitted to sign on behalf of the owner if the sale was made through a company or representative.
10. Verify the project approval or layout.
Check to see if the local government has approved the plot if it is a part of a township or housing project. Approved layouts are safer by law and provide better infrastructure.
11. Verification of Conversion and NOC
Verify the conversion certificate and any necessary No Objection Certificates (NOCs) from the appropriate authorities for land that has been converted from agricultural to residential use.
Final Tip
The investment in land at Rajarhat can be very rewarding, but the smart buyer always verifies the documents, approval, and legality before making a payment. If needed, seek professional legal help and ensure your investment is secure for the long term.
If you're planning to invest in real estate, Newtown, Kolkata, should be on top of your list in 2025. With its rapid development, great connectivity, and strong ROI potential, it's becoming one of Eastern India's most promising property destinations.
1. Fast-Growing Smart Township
It boasts of being one of the fastest-developing planned cities in India, supported by HIDCO with wide roads, modern layouts, and steady land appreciation at 10–15% annually.
2. Close to IT and Business Hubs in Kolkata
Owing to the proximity to Sector V, DLF IT Park, and Unitech Infospace, Newtown has emerged as a zone of attraction for professionals and firms, therefore creating consistent housing and rental demand.
3. Strong ROI and Long-Term Appreciation
Compared to an apartment, land in Newtown consistently appreciates in value due to ongoing infrastructural and commercial growth, promising solid returns over time.
4. Excellent Connectivity
Accessibility to EM Bypass, VIP Road, and the proposed Metro line seamlessly connects Newtown to all corners of Kolkata, a prime reason behind the rising property value.
5. Future-Ready Smart City
Being a certified Smart City, Newtown actually brings together solar energy, digital water systems, and sustainable design to make it one of the most forward-thinking, eco-friendly investments.
6. Peaceful and Well-Planned Environment
Clean, green surroundings and organised zoning make Newtown ideal for families and professionals desiring quality living with urban comfort.
7. Growing Demand for Residential Plots
Increasing preference for independent homes, in addition to limited land supply, boosts demand; this is what makes higher resale value and appreciation possible.
8. Access to Premium Amenities
Top schools, hospitals, malls, and entertainment zones ensure convenience and lifestyle comfort that keeps the demand for properties strong.
9. Legal Transparency
The majority of plots are distributed by HIDCO, guaranteeing accurate documentation and clear titles, both of which are essential for secure investments.
10. Flexibility and Long-Term Wealth
You can build, lease, or sell your land based on the market when you own it. It is safe, adaptable, and future-proof.
Buying land in Karnataka, especially around Bangalore, can be a great investment — but it’s very important to know the type of land you are buying and the documents you’ll need. The state government has different rules for different kinds of land, and every buyer must follow the proper checklist before completing the purchase.
There are three main types of land in Karnataka that are allowed for sale:
Agricultural Land, Revenue land, Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) Sites
Each land type comes with its own legal process and list of documents. Let’s go through them one by one.
1. Agricultural Land
Agricultural land is mainly used for farming or growing crops. If someone wants to buy this kind of land for non-farming purposes, they must follow the rules under the Karnataka Land Reforms Act (1961) and the Karnataka Land Revenue Act (1964).
Here’s the checklist of documents required to buy agricultural land in Karnataka:
- Mother Deed – To trace the ownership history of the land.
- Search Report – Shows the current and previous status of the property.
- Agreement Copy – A signed agreement between buyer and seller after paying the token advance.
Stamp Duty Certificate – Proof that stamp duty has been paid.
- Akarbandi – Document showing the survey number and area details.
- Saguvali Chit – Certificate issued to confirm the grant of land.
- Conversion Order – Needed if agricultural land is converted for other use.
- Payment Challan – Proof of payments made to government authorities.
- Mutation Extracts – Record of changes in ownership.
- NIL Tenancy Certificate / Form 7 Endorsement – Shows there are no tenancy claims on the land.
- Podi Extracts / RTC (Record of Rights, Tenancy, and Crops) – Important land record documents.
- Section 79A & 79B Endorsement (KLR Act, 1961) – Confirms compliance with landholding limits.
- Patta Book – Record of ownership and cultivation details.
2. Revenue Land
Revenue land usually refers to land located outside city limits or on the outskirts. The sale of revenue sites outside the municipal corporation limits has been banned since 2013 by the Karnataka government.
However, if the land is within the municipal corporation’s jurisdiction, you can still buy it — but you’ll need the same documents required for agricultural land, plus a few additional ones:
- Zonal Regulation Map – Shows the land’s zoning (residential, commercial, etc.).
- Power of Attorney (if any) – Authorizes someone to act on behalf of the owner.
- No Objection Certificate (NOC) – Confirms that there are no ongoing legal disputes or acquisition plans on the land.
3. Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) Sites
BDA sites are officially developed plots within Bangalore city, approved by the Bangalore Development Authority. These are some of the safest types of land to buy in Bangalore because they come with clear legal backing.
Here’s the checklist for BDA sites:
- Khata Certificate from BDA
- Khata Certificate from Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BBMP)
- Tax Paid Receipts from BBMP
- Re-allotment Letter/Deed (if the plot was re-conveyed by BDA)
- Up-to-date Land Tax Paid Receipts
- Sale Deed
- Encumbrance Certificate
In Bangalore, properties are classified as ‘A Khata’ and ‘B Khata’.
A Khata properties are legally approved and fully recognised by BBMP.
B Khata properties are not yet approved for layout and do not have full legal protection.
Final Tip
Verify the land type and ownership documents carefully.
Consult a qualified property lawyer for legal verification.
Make sure all taxes and dues are cleared before registration.
Following the proper checklist will help you buy land safely and legally — and protect your investment for the future.
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